diagram

On the general significance of diagramming and modeling in science, see:

• Bender, John B., and Michael Marrinan. The Culture of Diagram. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010.
• Bigg, Charlotte. “A Visual History of Jean Perrin’s Brownian Motion Curves.” In Histories of Scientific Observation, edited by Lorraine Daston and Elizabeth Lunbeck, 156–79. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. 
• Kaiser, David. Drawing Theories Apart: The Dispersion of Feynman Diagrams in Postwar Physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
• Klein, Ursula. Experiments, Models, Paper Tools: Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.
• Rocke, Alan J. Image and Reality: Kekulé, Kopp, and the Scientific Imagination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.