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This term indexes discussions of scientific models generally, including model systems, model organisms, and epidemiological modeling. The term "model" is used very broadly, often overlapping with "exemplar," "hypothesis," "analogy," "stand-in," and "schematic."

For specific model organisms, such as mice, see Organisms, species, genes, and diseases.

For a fuller discussion of models in science, see:

  • Bailer-Jones, Daniela M. Scientific Models in Philosophy of Science. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.
  • Creager, Angela N. H., Elizabeth Lunbeck, and M. Norton Wise, eds. Science Without Laws: Model Systems, Cases, Exemplary Narratives. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.
  • Hesse, Mary B. Models and Analogies in Science. Newman History and Philosophy of Science Series 14. London: Sheed and Ward, 1963.
  • Kingsland, Sharon E. Modeling Nature: Episodes in the History of Population Ecology. 2nd ed. Science and Its Conceptual Foundations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
  • Klein, Ursula. Experiments, Models, Paper Tools: Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.
  • Nelson, Nicole C. Model Behavior: Animal Experiments, Complexity, and the Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.
  • Nickelsen, Kärin. Explanining Photosynthesis: Models of Biochemical Mechanisms, 1840 - 1960. History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 8. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015.
 

Found 44 search result(s) for model.

Page: 4.1 Ronald Desrosiers — The Origin of SIVmac: Non-human Primate Models for HIV (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... applause #simianhuman immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) #cure vs. remission of HIV/AIDS #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling)   Jeffrey Lifson: Thanks. I think we have time for a couple of quick ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 4.0.1 Jeffrey Lifson — Session 4, Introduction 1 (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... director of the AIDS and Cancer Virus Program in 2008 at FNLCR. Jump to: Video http://library.cshl.edu/Meetings/HIVAIDS/videopages/Lifson.php   #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) #viral reservoir, viral latency, disease reservoir #retrovirus classification, subfamilies, and genera ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... history of TMV as a model virus in early virology see: Angela N. H. Creager, The Life of a Virus ...
Aug 19, 2020
Page: diagram (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... general significance of diagramming and modeling in science, see: Bender, John B., and Michael Marrinan. The Culture of Diagram. Stanford ...
Aug 24, 2020
Page: Concanavalin A (ConA) (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Concanavalin A (ConA) is a legume protein that is known for stimulating the production of T cells in mouse models
Jan 07, 2021
Page: Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Experimental Medicine 13, no. 4 (April 1, 1911): 397–411. Became a model for oncovirus research, and a catalyst for Richard Nixon's War on Cancer
Aug 26, 2020
Page: macaque, rhesus macaque (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Asia, East Asia, and the northern parts of Southeast Asia. The rhesus macaque became a model scientific research organism in the 20th century, and became famous for being the first monkeys ...
Jan 22, 2021
Page: 5.6 Michael Emerman — Host-virus Co-evolution (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Video http://library.cshl.edu/Meetings/HIVAIDS/videopages/Emerman.php #education and early career #epistemic object becomes the technical object #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) #early theories of AIDS etiology #discovery and naming of HIV/HTLVIII/LAV/ARV ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 5.5 Andrew Rice — Mechanism of tat Transactivation (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Michael B. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534145 mechanism https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mechanism Medical Research Council (MRC) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533330 models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 nuclear runon assay https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/nuclearrunonassay pharmaceutical industry https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/pharmaceuticalindustry Price, David ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: Science (journal) (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Novel NRTIs https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943501 4.1 Ronald Desrosiers — The Origin of SIVmac: Nonhuman Primate Models for HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943517 4.3 Beatrice Hahn — Apes to Humans: The Origin of HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943521 ...
Mar 06, 2021
Page: Session 7: Prospects for an HIV Vaccine (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... 1934) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15532879  MF59 https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MF59  mice https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mice  Michael, Nelson L. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534526  models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094  monoclonal antibody https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/monoclonalantibody  mothertochild transmission of HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mothertochildtransmissionofHIV  MSM (men ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 3.5 Daria Hazuda: Discovery and Development of Integrase Inhibitors (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533208  Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Sharp & Dohme) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944644  microplate https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/microplate  models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094  Muesing, Mark A. (1953–2017) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533248  National Cancer Institute (NCI ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.4 Barton Haynes — Development of HIV Vaccine: Steps and Missteps (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Thank you. 00:35:53 END OF AUDIO #scientific competition and collaboration #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) Citations Haynes, Barton F., Sara E. Miller, Thomas J. Palker ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 8.2 David Ho — Unraveling of HIV Dynamics In Vivo (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/Markowitz%2CMartin Massachusetts General Hospital https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MassachusettsGeneralHospital medical school, residency, and fellowship https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/medicalschool%2Cresidency%2Candfellowship models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 Nathanson, Neal https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/Nathanson%2CNeal nelfinavir (NFV) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534855 New England Journal ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 8.5 Sharon Lewin — Research to a Cure: A Possible Goal? (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... come in with an intervention. There's some people—I know Miles Davenport's variants in modeling that about—theoretical intervention, ideal thing to 00:30:00 model. Ashley: It's an important back of the envelope, calculation. What you do, it's ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 5.3 Michael Malim — Discovery of APOBEC Restriction (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... down here. This would be the control, and this was wild type virus, which was barely affected. #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) #cell fusion I think by this time, Anne had mastered the British skill ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 2.5 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi — Discovery of HIV (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... novel treatment, novel prevention tools in particular vaccine, of course. #credit, priority               #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) I like to finish by saying that my experience from working on HIV/AIDS ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 1.7 Max Essex — From Feline Leukemia Virus to AIDS in Africa (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... gay cancer, gay pneumonia, GRID, 4H, KSOI, slim disease, etc. #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling)   #antibody test, antigen test, serological test, serology Then, of course, about a year ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 1.5 John Coffin — The Origin of Molecular Retrovirology (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... argument for historians to deal with, I think.  #graduate training and early career in science       #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling)       Howard Temin was, as it was pointed out, a graduate student in Renato Dulbecco's (1914–1912 ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 5.4 Edward Berger — Discovery of HIV Co-receptors (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... macrophage https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/macrophage maraviroc (Selzentry, Celsentri) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533208 mice https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mice microinjection https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/microinjection models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 Moore, John P. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533671 Moss, Bernard (b. 1937) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533999 ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 1.4 Robin Weiss — Retrovirus History and Early Searches for Human Retroviruses (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... We thought, here we've got high specificity and high sensitivity.  #analogy #models (model systems, model organisms, modeling)   But then we looked at this new disease in Uganda, "slim disease." This is the introduction to our paper ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 5.1 Flossie Wong-Staal — Discovery of Human Retroviral Transactivators (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... long terminal repeat) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943732 macaque, rhesus macaque https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/macaque%2Crhesusmacaque mechanism https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mechanism models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 molecular cloning https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/molecularcloning monoclonal antibody https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/monoclonalantibody Montagnier, Luc (b ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 8.6 David Baltimore — Bringing it to an End (And Where Are We Going?) (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... military service and "Yellow Berets" https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943469 MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944422 models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 molecular cloning https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/molecularcloning monoclonal antibody https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/monoclonalantibody Nabel, Gary J ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.2 Dennis Burton — How Does HIV Evade the Antibody Response? (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Mascola, John R. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534452 mice https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mice microscope — electron and optical https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944115 models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 Moore, John P. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533671 natural selection, evolutionary selection, evolutionary ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 8.3 George Shaw — Transmitted/Founder HIV Genomes: What They Teach Us (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... 2020) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534895 macaque, rhesus macaque https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/macaque%2Crhesusmacaque major histocompatibility complex (MHC) models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 bnAb (broadly neutralizing HIV1 antibody) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534616 molecular cloning https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/molecularcloning ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 8.4 Robert Siliciano — The Challenge of the HIV Reservoir (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Frank https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/Maldarelli%2CFrank Margolis, David M. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534955 Martin Delaney Collaboratory https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MartinDelaneyCollaboratory models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534953 National Institutes of Health ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 3.2 Samuel Broder: The First Clinical Trials of Antiretroviral Drugs (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Mitsuya, Hiroaki "Mitch" (b. 1950, 満屋 裕明) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15532678  models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094  National Cancer Institute (NCI) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943779  NIH Clinical Center (NIH ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 3.1 Marty St. Clair: Discovery of AZT as the First Anti-HIV Drug (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... St. Paul, Minnesota https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15532781 MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MMWRMorbidityandMortalityWeeklyReport models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 Montagnier, Luc (b. 1932) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943777 murine leukemia virus (MLV ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 2.6 Tony Fauci — 35 Years of HIV/AIDS: Science and Policy (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Mitsuya, Hiroaki "Mitch" https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15532678 MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MMWRMorbidityandMortalityWeeklyReport models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 mothertochild transmission of HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mothertochildtransmissionofHIV Mulago National Specialised Hospital (Mulago ... ...
May 25, 2021
Page: 2.2 James Curran — Deciphering the Epidemiology of AIDS (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... service and "Yellow Berets" https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943469 MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MMWRMorbidityandMortalityWeeklyReport models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 Morgan, W. Meade https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/Morgan%2CW.Meade mothertochild transmission of HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mothertochildtransmissionofHIV National ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.3 Bruce Walker — Role of T Cells in Controlling HIV Infection (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/MassachusettsGeneralHospital medical school, residency, and fellowship https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/medicalschool%2Cresidency%2Candfellowship Michael, Nelson L. https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15534526 models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 Moss, Bernard (b. 1937) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15533999 National Institutes of Health (NIH ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.5 Emilio Emini — Issues in HIV Vaccine Development: Will the Future be any Easier than the Past? (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=15532529 Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck Sharp & Dohme) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944644 mice https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mice models (model systems, model organisms, modeling) https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12944094 monoclonal antibody https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/monoclonalantibody mothertochild transmission of HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/display/AT/mothertochildtransmissionofHIV National Cancer ... ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.1 Sharon Hillier — Development and Application of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... did risk reduction models using timevarying 00:17:00 Cox models with adherence based on residual drug level in the rings. Our outcome was the time to first ... Center last summer. (16) Essentially what she did was use different ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.7 Salim Abdool Karim — Stopping the Spread of HIV in Developing Countries (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... all of these tools. As Tim Hallett and his group have shown us in this mathematical modeling, that if we just 00:26:30 focus on scaling up to and going really ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 2.1 Paul Volberding — The First Patients (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... day. I think the slogans in the street, "The Whole World Is Watching" really was a good model for what we, and not just me, but everyone in the room has done. 00:03 ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 9.3 Victoria Harden — The Future of the History of AIDS (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... events. (16) For my own book, my goal was to explain how the intellectual models of molecular virology and immunology that were emerging in the late '70s and early '80s guided ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 2.4 Robert Gallo — Discoveries of Human Retrovirus, Their Linkage to Disease as Causative Agents & Preparation for the Future (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... retroviruses were there is very high 00:03:30 replication in the known animal models. They should have been easy to find if they existed in man. Bovine leukemia virus ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 1.6 Harold Varmus — Animal Retroviruses and Cancer Research (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... hard thing to test, but that seems to be largely what's happening. Most findings are consistent with that model. But here's the problem which needs to be better understood and represents one of the things for the future ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 3.4 Raymond Schinazi — Discovery and Development of Novel NRTIs (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... work that goes into 00:05:00 the design, the chemistry, the biology, the computational work, the modeling, the biochemical pharmacology, the antiviral testing using robust systems, like we heard ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 3.3 Douglas Richman: Antiviral Drug Resistance and Combination ART (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... it's an enzyme. Is there a possibility or predictions, 00:32:00 which can be made by modeling or by designing, which can tell where would be the limit. You can't mutate ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 4.4 Michael Worobey — Spread of HIV in the New World (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Introduction 2 https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943514  4.1 Ronald Desrosiers — The Origin of SIVmac: Nonhuman Primate Models for HIV https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943517  4.2 Martine Peeters — On the Road to HIV: Primate Lentiviruses https://libwiki.cshl.edu/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=12943519 ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 6.6 Robert Redfield — The PEPFAR Program to Treat HIV in Africa (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... What you all have accomplished with HIV infection, I think it's a model for other diseases to make sure that we don't quit until whatever we ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 3.6 John C. Martin — Making it Simpler: A Single Pill to Treat HIV (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... have an organization to do work in middle and lowincome countries and we developed a different model where we would work with regional partners 00:23:00 and we ...
Apr 27, 2021
Page: 4.3 Beatrice Hahn — Apes to Humans: The Origin of HIV (HIV/AIDS Research: Its History & Future Meeting)
... Academic Press, 2014. Pancino, Gianfranco, Guido Silvestri, and Keith R Fowke. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV: Avoiding AIDS in Humans and Monkeys. Amsterdam: Academic ...
Nov 11, 2021

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